<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>Alan:

I have not seen, either personally or in publication, bark splitting
referred to as a symptom of B deficiency in olive. The classic symptoms are
the shoot die back (producing a "witches broom" growth effect - i.e. profuse
regrowth below the dieback), fruit malformation, and roughened (not split)
bark. I have seen bark splitting herbicide (not Roundup but 2,4-D types),
freeze damage, and fire damage (splitting from the latter occurs on the
underside/exposed side of the branch). Is the splitting on-going or does it
appear to be a one-time occurrence?

Boron deficiency here commonly occurs in spots and is not uniform over the
grove - e.g. spots possibly 5 trees X 5 trees or even smaller. I have never
seen large orchards totally effected, just spots within them. Here, 1 pound
of Ag. Borax per tree results in excellent correction for a number of years.
An alternative is a Solubor spray at 5 lbs/100 gallons of water (100 gallons
of solution per acre). This latter treatment needs to be done annually. If
the trees with bark splitting occur in B deficient areas, it will be
interesting to see if they are corrected with treatment - maybe leave one
tree untreated to see if differences occur.

By-the-way, leaf tissue analyses for B are highly dependable (I wouldn't
worry about soil levels - leaf tissue tells you what the tree is getting).
Levels less than 14 ppm result in chronic deficiency symptoms and treatment
will be required. I like levels in the 80 - 120 ppm range.

Keep observing - did the flower pictures arrive?

Steve Sibbett
U.C. Farm Advisor
Phone - office 559.733.6486
Mobil 559.280.0666
FAX 559.734.2708

-----Original Message-----
From: Alan Watt [mailto:wattmeyer@one.net.au]
Sent: Saturday, January 06, 2001 6:17 PM
To: OliveOil@egroups.com
Subject: RE: [OliveOil] Bark splitting syndrome


Steve,
Thanks for the tips for next year's flower observation. With your advice and
Mohamed's fullsome posting on fruit set we have plenty of material that will
make observations more meaningful and relevant.
Re the bark splitting syndrome. The only herbicide used has been Glyphosate
[Roundup] for grass management but certainly not 2,4-D. It is unlikely that
the two trees in question have received any more than the 1200 other trees
treated the same way.
I am wondering if Boron deficiency may have something to do with the problem
as parts of our locality are noted for low levels of this element. We have
observed classic manifestations of this problem in Kalamatas, but strangely,
not evenly distributed amongst the grove. Is it possible to have isolated
pockets of Boron deficient soil that will severely affect one tree but not
its neighbour?
Although my reading of a few 'olive texts' mentions nothing about bark
splitting in relation to Boron deficiency I did find in an agricultural
journal this interesting passage on the impact of boron deficiency in
apples. "Dead areas appear on the bark of young wood and external and
internal lesions are found [apple measles]. The bark may be rough and
split". This closely describes the symptoms found on the two affected
olives.
I wonder if the Leslie's property is deficient in boron? I seem to recall
Mike Wilson [also in the Hunter Valley]suggesting his Kalamatas were showing
signs of such deficiencies.
I intend to get a leaf analysis done but should I be taking leaves from the
worst affected plants or their apparently healthy neighbours?
Alan Watt, Tanja Olives

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Steve Sibbett [mailto:sibbett@lightspeed.net]
> Sent: Sunday, 7 January 2001 1:27
> To: OliveOil@egroups.com
> Subject: RE: [OliveOil] Bark splitting syndrome
>
>
> Alan:
>
> Thanks for the comments on the olive fruit set. It appears there are some
> consistencies with what we find causes poor fruit set here.
>
> I would also suggest that during bloom development and flowering next year
> that you again observe weather and tree condition (as you did this past
> year). Also, during bloom, look at the flowers (files attached of perfect
> and staminate flowers) and see if there is a preponderance of
> staminate vs.
> perfect flowers - this can suggest some types of tree stress during the
> flower development period. Of course, it doesn't take many perfect flowers
> to make a crop if they are adequately pollinized and ultimately get
> fertilized. However, we have seen groves where almost all flowers are
> staminate. Also some years are worse than others.
>
> One other question regarding the blistering bark - are there any
> herbicides
> used in this grove? We've seen symptoms like this when growers have used
> 2,4-D (I doubt you have used this but still a question)
>
> Steve Sibbett
> U.C. Farm Advisor
> Phone - office 559.733.6486
> Mobil 559.280.0666
> FAX 559.734.2708
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Alan Watt [mailto:wattmeyer@one.net.au]
> Sent: Friday, January 05, 2001 11:59 PM
> To: OliveOil@egroups.com
> Subject: RE: [OliveOil] Bark splitting syndrome
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
> **** INDUSTRY LINKS **** http://www.egroups.com/Links/OliveOil
>
> ************************************************** ***
> Addresses:
> Post message: OliveOil@egroups.com
> Subscribe: OliveOil-subscribe@egroups.com
> Unsubscribe: OliveOil-unsubscribe@egroups.com
> List owner: OliveOil-owner@egroups.com
> URL to this page: http://www.egroups.com/group/OliveOil
>
>
>


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</pre>
</td></tr></table>

<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>Have noticed bark splitting here in the South Burnett but on young
Manzanillos in the cooler months. Olives Australia warned us of this when
we first purchased our trees and that it could be corrected by watering. It
is interesting that I have not noticed it in trees of three years of age or
older. Boron is also a deficiency here and was corrected with the
application of soluble boron through the irrigation system in august. My
one 5 year old verdale flowered proficially after this application and had a
reasonable fruit set. The other treatment this tree recieved was a hefty
application of worm poo. The trees that received this top dressing and
watering in, have shown good growth.

Can anyone advise me on a suitable cross pollinator for manzanillo?.
For all those who are concerned, this variety produced some excellent oil
last season from the South Burnett with a clean crisp peppery, fruity taste,
so please dont write of the variety as a solid producer of high quality oil.

Kindest regards to all
Bill kearney

PS, Dan Burnett, could you give me a ring at your convenience. There are a
few matters that I would like to chat to you about.. Thanks ..Bill
----- Original Message -----
From: Alan Watt <wattmeyer@one.net.au>
To: <OliveOil@egroups.com>
Sent: Sunday, January 07, 2001 12:17 PM
Subject: RE: [OliveOil] Bark splitting syndrome


> Steve,
> Thanks for the tips for next year's flower observation. With your advice
and
> Mohamed's fullsome posting on fruit set we have plenty of material that
will
> make observations more meaningful and relevant.
> Re the bark splitting syndrome. The only herbicide used has been
Glyphosate
> [Roundup] for grass management but certainly not 2,4-D. It is unlikely
that
> the two trees in question have received any more than the 1200 other trees
> treated the same way.
> I am wondering if Boron deficiency may have something to do with the
problem
> as parts of our locality are noted for low levels of this element. We have
> observed classic manifestations of this problem in Kalamatas, but
strangely,
> not evenly distributed amongst the grove. Is it possible to have isolated
> pockets of Boron deficient soil that will severely affect one tree but not
> its neighbour?
> Although my reading of a few 'olive texts' mentions nothing about bark
> splitting in relation to Boron deficiency I did find in an agricultural
> journal this interesting passage on the impact of boron deficiency in
> apples. "Dead areas appear on the bark of young wood and external and
> internal lesions are found [apple measles]. The bark may be rough and
> split". This closely describes the symptoms found on the two affected
> olives.
> I wonder if the Leslie's property is deficient in boron? I seem to recall
> Mike Wilson [also in the Hunter Valley]suggesting his Kalamatas were
showing
> signs of such deficiencies.
> I intend to get a leaf analysis done but should I be taking leaves from
the
> worst affected plants or their apparently healthy neighbours?
> Alan Watt, Tanja Olives
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Steve Sibbett [mailto:sibbett@lightspeed.net]
> > Sent: Sunday, 7 January 2001 1:27
> > To: OliveOil@egroups.com
> > Subject: RE: [OliveOil] Bark splitting syndrome
> >
> >
> > Alan:
> >
> > Thanks for the comments on the olive fruit set. It appears there are
some
> > consistencies with what we find causes poor fruit set here.
> >
> > I would also suggest that during bloom development and flowering next
year
> > that you again observe weather and tree condition (as you did this past
> > year). Also, during bloom, look at the flowers (files attached of
perfect
> > and staminate flowers) and see if there is a preponderance of
> > staminate vs.
> > perfect flowers - this can suggest some types of tree stress during the
> > flower development period. Of course, it doesn't take many perfect
flowers
> > to make a crop if they are adequately pollinized and ultimately get
> > fertilized. However, we have seen groves where almost all flowers are
> > staminate. Also some years are worse than others.
> >
> > One other question regarding the blistering bark - are there any
> > herbicides
> > used in this grove? We've seen symptoms like this when growers have used
> > 2,4-D (I doubt you have used this but still a question)
> >
> > Steve Sibbett
> > U.C. Farm Advisor
> > Phone - office 559.733.6486
> > Mobil 559.280.0666
> > FAX 559.734.2708
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Alan Watt [mailto:wattmeyer@one.net.au]
> > Sent: Friday, January 05, 2001 11:59 PM
> > To: OliveOil@egroups.com
> > Subject: RE: [OliveOil] Bark splitting syndrome
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
> >
> > **** INDUSTRY LINKS **** http://www.egroups.com/Links/OliveOil
> >
> > ************************************************** ***
> > Addresses:
> > Post message: OliveOil@egroups.com
> > Subscribe: OliveOil-subscribe@egroups.com
> > Unsubscribe: OliveOil-unsubscribe@egroups.com
> > List owner: OliveOil-owner@egroups.com
> > URL to this page: http://www.egroups.com/group/OliveOil
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> **** INDUSTRY LINKS **** http://www.egroups.com/Links/OliveOil
>
> ************************************************** ***
> Addresses:
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>
>
</pre>
</td></tr></table>

<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>> -----Original Message-----
> From: Alan Watt [mailto:wattmeyer@one.net.au]
> Sent: Wednesday, 10 January 2001 12:24
> To: Steve Sibbett
> Subject: Bark splitting syndrome
>
> Steve,
> Thanks for your ongoing interest and comment on the bark
> splitting syndrome. It remains a mystery. I have asked colleague
> Phil Bramley to take some digital photos of the two trees in
> questions to place on the group's pic. file for your information,
> the Leslie's of Hunter Valley, and anyone else that may have a
> similar problem or simply an interest.
> It seems we have eliminated Boron deficiency, chemical contact
> [or at least nothing intentionally applied], frost[I get none in
> the area in question],sunburn
> [It rarely gets very hot right on the coast] and there certainly
> has been no fire.
> Perhaps the application of sheep manure at the tree sites on
> planting [2 years ago] was a little excessive. They received on
> average a 1/4 bag of old manure per tree.
> You will notice from the photos that the short vertical splits
> develop on a lumpy, varicose vein-like surface of the bark. The
> Leslie's aptly describe it as being like burst blisters. Maybe
> Stan Kailis, as specialist in plant sciences, has some ideas.
> One interesting observation Phil and I made while taking the
> photographs is that the tree, which appeared long dead, was
> actually alive [green under the bark surface] below the graft
> scar. There was no evidence of basal shoots.
> I did receive your photos of the flowers and will use them next
> bloom period.
>
>
> Alan Watt, Tanja Olives


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
</pre>
</td></tr></table>

<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>Alan and Steve,

This syndrome appears to be spreading throughout our grove.......

We have observed that it is mostly on the east side of the trees...i.e. if
you stood on the west side of the trees it would not be obvious.

Some of the trees are also exhibiting dieback on the branches...the leaves
at the tips seem OK but the branch back to the trunk is losing leaves.

Our agronomist's report indicated that boron was low (18 mg/kg PTA) so we
have sprayed for that and wait and see.

I must admit to being confused about these measurements though. These guys
say 18 mg/kg PTA is low (I have no idea what PTA means) but Burr says 19 ppm
is normal and deficient is <14 ppm...so this is not the same measurement it
seems.

Alan, could you send us a photograph so we can see if what you have is the
same as what we have ?

Thanks

Best regards

Alan & Judith Leslie
"Woonona"
Hunter Valley
Australia

----- Original Message -----
From: Alan Watt <wattmeyer@one.net.au>
To: <wattmeyer@one.net.au>
Cc: OliveOil@egroups. com <OliveOil@egroups.com>
Sent: Wednesday, 10 January 2001 23:18
Subject: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome


>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Alan Watt [mailto:wattmeyer@one.net.au]
> > Sent: Wednesday, 10 January 2001 12:24
> > To: Steve Sibbett
> > Subject: Bark splitting syndrome
> >
> > Steve,
> > Thanks for your ongoing interest and comment on the bark
> > splitting syndrome. It remains a mystery. I have asked colleague
> > Phil Bramley to take some digital photos of the two trees in
> > questions to place on the group's pic. file for your information,
> > the Leslie's of Hunter Valley, and anyone else that may have a
> > similar problem or simply an interest.
> > It seems we have eliminated Boron deficiency, chemical contact
> > [or at least nothing intentionally applied], frost[I get none in
> > the area in question],sunburn
> > [It rarely gets very hot right on the coast] and there certainly
> > has been no fire.
> > Perhaps the application of sheep manure at the tree sites on
> > planting [2 years ago] was a little excessive. They received on
> > average a 1/4 bag of old manure per tree.
> > You will notice from the photos that the short vertical splits
> > develop on a lumpy, varicose vein-like surface of the bark. The
> > Leslie's aptly describe it as being like burst blisters. Maybe
> > Stan Kailis, as specialist in plant sciences, has some ideas.
> > One interesting observation Phil and I made while taking the
> > photographs is that the tree, which appeared long dead, was
> > actually alive [green under the bark surface] below the graft
> > scar. There was no evidence of basal shoots.
> > I did receive your photos of the flowers and will use them next
> > bloom period.
> >
> >
> > Alan Watt, Tanja Olives
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
> **** INDUSTRY LINKS **** http://www.egroups.com/Links/OliveOil
>
> ************************************************** ***
> Addresses:
> Post message: OliveOil@egroups.com
> Subscribe: OliveOil-subscribe@egroups.com
> Unsubscribe: OliveOil-unsubscribe@egroups.com
> List owner: OliveOil-owner@egroups.com
> URL to this page: http://www.egroups.com/group/OliveOil
>
>
</pre>
</td></tr></table>

<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>Dear Steve,

I have uploaded a couple of digital shots of Alan's bark splitting problem
to the egroups website under FILES. If you would like me to enlarge those
shots digitally or to zoom on specific areas of the trunk (which will take
longer to download) I can do that and send you the photos direct to your
email address.

All the best

Phil Bramley

-----Original Message-----
From: Alan Watt [mailto:wattmeyer@one.net.au]
Sent: Wednesday, 10 January 2001 11:18 PM
To: wattmeyer@one.net.au
Cc: OliveOil@egroups. com
Subject: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome




> -----Original Message-----
> From: Alan Watt [mailto:wattmeyer@one.net.au]
> Sent: Wednesday, 10 January 2001 12:24
> To: Steve Sibbett
> Subject: Bark splitting syndrome
>
> Steve,
> Thanks for your ongoing interest and comment on the bark
> splitting syndrome. It remains a mystery. I have asked colleague
> Phil Bramley to take some digital photos of the two trees in
> questions to place on the group's pic. file for your information,
> the Leslie's of Hunter Valley, and anyone else that may have a
> similar problem or simply an interest.
> It seems we have eliminated Boron deficiency, chemical contact
> [or at least nothing intentionally applied], frost[I get none in
> the area in question],sunburn
> [It rarely gets very hot right on the coast] and there certainly
> has been no fire.
> Perhaps the application of sheep manure at the tree sites on
> planting [2 years ago] was a little excessive. They received on
> average a 1/4 bag of old manure per tree.
> You will notice from the photos that the short vertical splits
> develop on a lumpy, varicose vein-like surface of the bark. The
> Leslie's aptly describe it as being like burst blisters. Maybe
> Stan Kailis, as specialist in plant sciences, has some ideas.
> One interesting observation Phil and I made while taking the
> photographs is that the tree, which appeared long dead, was
> actually alive [green under the bark surface] below the graft
> scar. There was no evidence of basal shoots.
> I did receive your photos of the flowers and will use them next
> bloom period.
>
>
> Alan Watt, Tanja Olives


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]


**** INDUSTRY LINKS **** http://www.egroups.com/Links/OliveOil

************************************************** ***
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</pre>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>Hi Alan,

I have just posted a photo to the egroup web site under "files' If you
search around there you will find a spot for photos and the culprit is
lurking somewhere there. If you have difficulty finding it I will send it to
you directly.

Regards,

Phil Bramley
Tanja Olives

-----Original Message-----
From: A& J Leslie [mailto:woonona.bulga@bigpond.com]
Sent: Thursday, 11 January 2001 7:35 AM
To: OliveOil@egroups.com
Subject: Re: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome


Alan and Steve,

This syndrome appears to be spreading throughout our grove.......

We have observed that it is mostly on the east side of the trees...i.e. if
you stood on the west side of the trees it would not be obvious.

Some of the trees are also exhibiting dieback on the branches...the leaves
at the tips seem OK but the branch back to the trunk is losing leaves.

Our agronomist's report indicated that boron was low (18 mg/kg PTA) so we
have sprayed for that and wait and see.

I must admit to being confused about these measurements though. These guys
say 18 mg/kg PTA is low (I have no idea what PTA means) but Burr says 19 ppm
is normal and deficient is <14 ppm...so this is not the same measurement it
seems.

Alan, could you send us a photograph so we can see if what you have is the
same as what we have ?

Thanks

Best regards

Alan & Judith Leslie
"Woonona"
Hunter Valley
Australia

----- Original Message -----
From: Alan Watt <wattmeyer@one.net.au>
To: <wattmeyer@one.net.au>
Cc: OliveOil@egroups. com <OliveOil@egroups.com>
Sent: Wednesday, 10 January 2001 23:18
Subject: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome


>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Alan Watt [mailto:wattmeyer@one.net.au]
> > Sent: Wednesday, 10 January 2001 12:24
> > To: Steve Sibbett
> > Subject: Bark splitting syndrome
> >
> > Steve,
> > Thanks for your ongoing interest and comment on the bark
> > splitting syndrome. It remains a mystery. I have asked colleague
> > Phil Bramley to take some digital photos of the two trees in
> > questions to place on the group's pic. file for your information,
> > the Leslie's of Hunter Valley, and anyone else that may have a
> > similar problem or simply an interest.
> > It seems we have eliminated Boron deficiency, chemical contact
> > [or at least nothing intentionally applied], frost[I get none in
> > the area in question],sunburn
> > [It rarely gets very hot right on the coast] and there certainly
> > has been no fire.
> > Perhaps the application of sheep manure at the tree sites on
> > planting [2 years ago] was a little excessive. They received on
> > average a 1/4 bag of old manure per tree.
> > You will notice from the photos that the short vertical splits
> > develop on a lumpy, varicose vein-like surface of the bark. The
> > Leslie's aptly describe it as being like burst blisters. Maybe
> > Stan Kailis, as specialist in plant sciences, has some ideas.
> > One interesting observation Phil and I made while taking the
> > photographs is that the tree, which appeared long dead, was
> > actually alive [green under the bark surface] below the graft
> > scar. There was no evidence of basal shoots.
> > I did receive your photos of the flowers and will use them next
> > bloom period.
> >
> >
> > Alan Watt, Tanja Olives
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
> **** INDUSTRY LINKS **** http://www.egroups.com/Links/OliveOil
>
> ************************************************** ***
> Addresses:
> Post message: OliveOil@egroups.com
> Subscribe: OliveOil-subscribe@egroups.com
> Unsubscribe: OliveOil-unsubscribe@egroups.com
> List owner: OliveOil-owner@egroups.com
> URL to this page: http://www.egroups.com/group/OliveOil
>
>



******* A MESSAGE FROM THE MODERATOR ********

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post. Keep only what is relevant. By selectively deleting unnecessary parts
of the original text, you will make your reply easier to follow. To show
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delete text, the <snip> notation may be used.

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</pre>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>Regarding Bark slitting - this is commonly due sunburn (+ windburn),
Lumps on the bark may indicate an infection - viral. This would be
difficult to test for. Check with the Reserach Centre at Sunraysia (not
Sunraysia Nurseries). Keeping plant material absolutely free of
infections is very difficult, even if the mother trees are certified
free. Infections can come from many sources including pruning and
cutting material. Without further info I cannot coment any further.

Stan Kailis
</pre>
</td></tr></table>

<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>Re pollinators

Sevillano is often quoted as the desired pollinator. What you need is
plenty of pollen having 3-4 oil type varieties eg frantoio, leccino
should suffice.

Stan Kailis
</pre>
</td></tr></table>

<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>Regarding using lime

On our Island Kastellorizo, builders lime was used to paint on the
trunks of all types of trees - citrus, fig and olive. I am not up with
buildrers lime but I think it has to stand for a few days to get the
heat out of it.

Regarding painting the wife, grandmother and others - this was a problem
if you were on you hands and needs - had poor sight particularly if you
were being called for the mousaka at 7pm at night as the sun was
setting. Black socks became white socks.

On a mor serious note - white trunks also helped to find ones way around
- whre there was no electricity which is probably only 100 years ago.

Stan Kailis
</pre>
</td></tr></table>

<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>Hi Stan,

Did you get a chance to have a look at the photograph of the bark splitting
on one of Alan Watt's olive trees? I have posted it to the egroups website
but if you would like me to send it to you as an attachment I can do that.
The reaction from Steve Sibbett was most interesting.

Regards,

Phil Bramley

ps by the way is Mohammed al Kholy over your way at this time?

-----Original Message-----
From: Stan Kailis [mailto:kailis@ca.com.au]
Sent: Friday, 12 January 2001 6:40 AM
To: OliveOil@egroups.com
Subject: Re: [OliveOil] Re: Bark splitting syndrome


Regarding using lime

On our Island Kastellorizo, builders lime was used to paint on the
trunks of all types of trees - citrus, fig and olive. I am not up with
buildrers lime but I think it has to stand for a few days to get the
heat out of it.

Regarding painting the wife, grandmother and others - this was a problem
if you were on you hands and needs - had poor sight particularly if you
were being called for the mousaka at 7pm at night as the sun was
setting. Black socks became white socks.

On a mor serious note - white trunks also helped to find ones way around
- whre there was no electricity which is probably only 100 years ago.

Stan Kailis


******* A MESSAGE FROM THE MODERATOR ********

2.6. When replying to a post, do not include the entire text of the original
post. Keep only what is relevant. By selectively deleting unnecessary parts
of the original text, you will make your reply easier to follow. To show
where you
delete text, the <snip> notation may be used.

************************************************** ***
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</pre>
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