<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>Phil ...

Thanks for putting the split bark photo online. I could be wrong but my
best bet is that it is sunburn or frost with a tendency towards sunburn. I
have often seen the same problem in groves where heavy pruning has been done
which then exposes the trunk to a sun intensity it was not used to. (It
sometimes appears as "scales" of bark lifting from the trunk exposing the
wood below.) It may even be that the large branch which has been removed
from that side of the tree (see photo) was actually shading the area from
the sun. As I say, I could be wrong but to me it is a fairly classic
sunburn. You may find a white fungus starting to develop in the splits and
and under the surrounding bark over late summer/autumn but I've not studied
to see whether this fungus would need controlling. Does anyone have
thoughts on how to stop the dead tissue in the split areas from spreading
around the trunk?

I have been surprised at the relatively low levels of light which can cause
sunburn on freshly exposed olive trunks. It seems that if an area was
heavily shaded prior to pruning then it is very susceptible to sunburn.

Kind regards,
Julian Archer
Olives Australia

-----Original Message-----
From: Phil Bramley [mailto:bramleyp@one.net.au]
Sent: Thursday, 11 January 2001 10:12
To: OliveOil@egroups.com
Subject: RE: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome


Hi Alan,

I have just posted a photo to the egroup web site under "files' If you
search around there you will find a spot for photos and the culprit is
lurking somewhere there. If you have difficulty finding it I will send it to
you directly.

Regards,

Phil Bramley
Tanja Olives

-----Original Message-----
From: A& J Leslie [mailto:woonona.bulga@bigpond.com]
Sent: Thursday, 11 January 2001 7:35 AM
To: OliveOil@egroups.com
Subject: Re: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome


Alan and Steve,

This syndrome appears to be spreading throughout our grove.......

We have observed that it is mostly on the east side of the trees...i.e. if
you stood on the west side of the trees it would not be obvious.

Some of the trees are also exhibiting dieback on the branches...the leaves
at the tips seem OK but the branch back to the trunk is losing leaves.

Our agronomist's report indicated that boron was low (18 mg/kg PTA) so we
have sprayed for that and wait and see.

I must admit to being confused about these measurements though. These guys
say 18 mg/kg PTA is low (I have no idea what PTA means) but Burr says 19 ppm
is normal and deficient is <14 ppm...so this is not the same measurement it
seems.

Alan, could you send us a photograph so we can see if what you have is the
same as what we have ?

Thanks

Best regards

Alan & Judith Leslie
"Woonona"
Hunter Valley
Australia

----- Original Message -----
From: Alan Watt <wattmeyer@one.net.au>
To: <wattmeyer@one.net.au>
Cc: OliveOil@egroups. com <OliveOil@egroups.com>
Sent: Wednesday, 10 January 2001 23:18
Subject: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome


>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Alan Watt [mailto:wattmeyer@one.net.au]
> > Sent: Wednesday, 10 January 2001 12:24
> > To: Steve Sibbett
> > Subject: Bark splitting syndrome
> >
> > Steve,
> > Thanks for your ongoing interest and comment on the bark
> > splitting syndrome. It remains a mystery. I have asked colleague
> > Phil Bramley to take some digital photos of the two trees in
> > questions to place on the group's pic. file for your information,
> > the Leslie's of Hunter Valley, and anyone else that may have a
> > similar problem or simply an interest.
> > It seems we have eliminated Boron deficiency, chemical contact
> > [or at least nothing intentionally applied], frost[I get none in
> > the area in question],sunburn
> > [It rarely gets very hot right on the coast] and there certainly
> > has been no fire.
> > Perhaps the application of sheep manure at the tree sites on
> > planting [2 years ago] was a little excessive. They received on
> > average a 1/4 bag of old manure per tree.
> > You will notice from the photos that the short vertical splits
> > develop on a lumpy, varicose vein-like surface of the bark. The
> > Leslie's aptly describe it as being like burst blisters. Maybe
> > Stan Kailis, as specialist in plant sciences, has some ideas.
> > One interesting observation Phil and I made while taking the
> > photographs is that the tree, which appeared long dead, was
> > actually alive [green under the bark surface] below the graft
> > scar. There was no evidence of basal shoots.
> > I did receive your photos of the flowers and will use them next
> > bloom period.
> >
> >
> > Alan Watt, Tanja Olives
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
> **** INDUSTRY LINKS **** http://www.egroups.com/Links/OliveOil
>
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<pre>Julian:

What I've seen of sunburn is that it is usually confined to one side of the
tree trunk or limb (one report suggests this - I'm not sure about others) -
the exposed side (here it is the south and west sides or upper sides).
Further, if more than one tree is effected, the damage is on the same sides
of trunks/limbs on the effected trees. Although I cannot see all sides of
the effected tree in the photo, this doesn't look like the sunburn I have
seen here. On sunburn injured trees here we don't see the deep splits, we
see a flattened, dead area where the thin bark sloughs off and the tissue is
dead underneath - callusing occurs on the margins of the injury. I wonder if
some are experiencing sunburn while others have something else.

I looked at the picture (the one that was sent to me) and noticed a couple
of things; 1) the injury developed about 2" above ground level and extended
upward (It seems to me that sunburn would have occurred at ground level
too - this is the hottest area due to reflection); 2) there were two older
pruning wounds on the damaged trunk; 3) the damage looked like it happened
some time ago (there was considerable callusing below the splits causing the
bulging outward). This begged several questions: 1) was Roundup used when
the trees were quite young and the bark not fully mature (drift onto
immature trunk tissue could result in this symptom)?; 2) was Roundup drifted
up onto fresh pruning wounds on the trunk (this looks like systemic
herbicide type damage that could have resulted from penetration into a fresh
cut - tip die-back could occur as well as the material is systemic)?; 3)
were trunk wraps used (I've seen this type of damage when rubberized wraps
were used and they stayed continually wet from the irrigation system before
they were removed - the bark never really matures and when exposed, has
abnormal growth)?; 4) is the tissue dead on the entire surface (like
sunburn) or just around the splits with some healthy surface tissue in
between (looks like growth is occurring but not immediately under the splits
thus the "bumpy" growth appearance)?; 5) does tissue death extend into the
tree (sunburn) or is there live tissue trying to heal the wounds around the
splits (i.e. is callusing occurring - looks like it to me)?; Has the
problem run its coarse or is it continuing to develop from one year to the
next (It seems like there are different reports)?.

One thing, this doesn't look like Boron deficiency to me although there are
several reports of low/deficient leaf tissue levels. In any event, where
these occur, I'd be applying B.

Steve Sibbett
U.C. Farm Advisor
Phone - office 559.733.6486
Mobil 559.280.0666
FAX 559.734.2708

-----Original Message-----
From: Julian Archer [mailto:jarcher@adra.org.au]
Sent: Thursday, January 11, 2001 3:41 PM
To: OliveOil@egroups.com
Subject: RE: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome


Phil ...

Thanks for putting the split bark photo online. I could be wrong but my
best bet is that it is sunburn or frost with a tendency towards sunburn. I
have often seen the same problem in groves where heavy pruning has been done
which then exposes the trunk to a sun intensity it was not used to. (It
sometimes appears as "scales" of bark lifting from the trunk exposing the
wood below.) It may even be that the large branch which has been removed
from that side of the tree (see photo) was actually shading the area from
the sun. As I say, I could be wrong but to me it is a fairly classic
sunburn. You may find a white fungus starting to develop in the splits and
and under the surrounding bark over late summer/autumn but I've not studied
to see whether this fungus would need controlling. Does anyone have
thoughts on how to stop the dead tissue in the split areas from spreading
around the trunk?

I have been surprised at the relatively low levels of light which can cause
sunburn on freshly exposed olive trunks. It seems that if an area was
heavily shaded prior to pruning then it is very susceptible to sunburn.

Kind regards,
Julian Archer
Olives Australia

-----Original Message-----
From: Phil Bramley [mailto:bramleyp@one.net.au]
Sent: Thursday, 11 January 2001 10:12
To: OliveOil@egroups.com
Subject: RE: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome


Hi Alan,

I have just posted a photo to the egroup web site under "files' If you
search around there you will find a spot for photos and the culprit is
lurking somewhere there. If you have difficulty finding it I will send it to
you directly.

Regards,

Phil Bramley
Tanja Olives

-----Original Message-----
From: A& J Leslie [mailto:woonona.bulga@bigpond.com]
Sent: Thursday, 11 January 2001 7:35 AM
To: OliveOil@egroups.com
Subject: Re: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome


Alan and Steve,

This syndrome appears to be spreading throughout our grove.......

We have observed that it is mostly on the east side of the trees...i.e. if
you stood on the west side of the trees it would not be obvious.

Some of the trees are also exhibiting dieback on the branches...the leaves
at the tips seem OK but the branch back to the trunk is losing leaves.

Our agronomist's report indicated that boron was low (18 mg/kg PTA) so we
have sprayed for that and wait and see.

I must admit to being confused about these measurements though. These guys
say 18 mg/kg PTA is low (I have no idea what PTA means) but Burr says 19 ppm
is normal and deficient is <14 ppm...so this is not the same measurement it
seems.

Alan, could you send us a photograph so we can see if what you have is the
same as what we have ?

Thanks

Best regards

Alan & Judith Leslie
"Woonona"
Hunter Valley
Australia

----- Original Message -----
From: Alan Watt <wattmeyer@one.net.au>
To: <wattmeyer@one.net.au>
Cc: OliveOil@egroups. com <OliveOil@egroups.com>
Sent: Wednesday, 10 January 2001 23:18
Subject: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome


>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Alan Watt [mailto:wattmeyer@one.net.au]
> > Sent: Wednesday, 10 January 2001 12:24
> > To: Steve Sibbett
> > Subject: Bark splitting syndrome
> >
> > Steve,
> > Thanks for your ongoing interest and comment on the bark
> > splitting syndrome. It remains a mystery. I have asked colleague
> > Phil Bramley to take some digital photos of the two trees in
> > questions to place on the group's pic. file for your information,
> > the Leslie's of Hunter Valley, and anyone else that may have a
> > similar problem or simply an interest.
> > It seems we have eliminated Boron deficiency, chemical contact
> > [or at least nothing intentionally applied], frost[I get none in
> > the area in question],sunburn
> > [It rarely gets very hot right on the coast] and there certainly
> > has been no fire.
> > Perhaps the application of sheep manure at the tree sites on
> > planting [2 years ago] was a little excessive. They received on
> > average a 1/4 bag of old manure per tree.
> > You will notice from the photos that the short vertical splits
> > develop on a lumpy, varicose vein-like surface of the bark. The
> > Leslie's aptly describe it as being like burst blisters. Maybe
> > Stan Kailis, as specialist in plant sciences, has some ideas.
> > One interesting observation Phil and I made while taking the
> > photographs is that the tree, which appeared long dead, was
> > actually alive [green under the bark surface] below the graft
> > scar. There was no evidence of basal shoots.
> > I did receive your photos of the flowers and will use them next
> > bloom period.
> >
> >
> > Alan Watt, Tanja Olives
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
> **** INDUSTRY LINKS **** http://www.egroups.com/Links/OliveOil
>
> ************************************************** ***
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>
>



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</pre>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>Julian,

The area in which the tree is planted is not a frost prone area and in fact
I doubt if the paddock has seen a frost for a very long time. With the sea
being so close the temperature of our groves (in this case Alan's grove)are
not affected by frost. The same could probably be said for the sunburn
theory because there are no other trees that exhibit this kind of bark
splitting.

Anyway I am waiting for Alan to come back online to answer some of the other
questions such as roundup usage etc etc. and his recollection of his
planting practice in this particular case.

Regards,

Phil Bramley
Tanja Olives


For Alan and Judith Leslie

Did you manage to locate the photo on the egroup File - digital photographs
web page? If not perhaps you might like a copy sent to you directly.

Phil




-----Original Message-----
From: Julian Archer [mailto:jarcher@adra.org.au]
Sent: Friday, 12 January 2001 10:41 AM
To: OliveOil@egroups.com
Subject: RE: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome


Phil ...

Thanks for putting the split bark photo online. I could be wrong but my
best bet is that it is sunburn or frost with a tendency towards sunburn. I
have often seen the same problem in groves where heavy pruning has been done
which then exposes the trunk to a sun intensity it was not used to. (It
sometimes appears as "scales" of bark lifting from the trunk exposing the
wood below.) It may even be that the large branch which has been removed
from that side of the tree (see photo) was actually shading the area from
the sun. As I say, I could be wrong but to me it is a fairly classic
sunburn. You may find a white fungus starting to develop in the splits and
and under the surrounding bark over late summer/autumn but I've not studied
to see whether this fungus would need controlling. Does anyone have
thoughts on how to stop the dead tissue in the split areas from spreading
around the trunk?

I have been surprised at the relatively low levels of light which can cause
sunburn on freshly exposed olive trunks. It seems that if an area was
heavily shaded prior to pruning then it is very susceptible to sunburn.

Kind regards,
Julian Archer
Olives Australia

-----Original Message-----
From: Phil Bramley [mailto:bramleyp@one.net.au]
Sent: Thursday, 11 January 2001 10:12
To: OliveOil@egroups.com
Subject: RE: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome


Hi Alan,

I have just posted a photo to the egroup web site under "files' If you
search around there you will find a spot for photos and the culprit is
lurking somewhere there. If you have difficulty finding it I will send it to
you directly.

Regards,

Phil Bramley
Tanja Olives

-----Original Message-----
From: A& J Leslie [mailto:woonona.bulga@bigpond.com]
Sent: Thursday, 11 January 2001 7:35 AM
To: OliveOil@egroups.com
Subject: Re: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome


Alan and Steve,

This syndrome appears to be spreading throughout our grove.......

We have observed that it is mostly on the east side of the trees...i.e. if
you stood on the west side of the trees it would not be obvious.

Some of the trees are also exhibiting dieback on the branches...the leaves
at the tips seem OK but the branch back to the trunk is losing leaves.

Our agronomist's report indicated that boron was low (18 mg/kg PTA) so we
have sprayed for that and wait and see.

I must admit to being confused about these measurements though. These guys
say 18 mg/kg PTA is low (I have no idea what PTA means) but Burr says 19 ppm
is normal and deficient is <14 ppm...so this is not the same measurement it
seems.

Alan, could you send us a photograph so we can see if what you have is the
same as what we have ?

Thanks

Best regards

Alan & Judith Leslie
"Woonona"
Hunter Valley
Australia

----- Original Message -----
From: Alan Watt <wattmeyer@one.net.au>
To: <wattmeyer@one.net.au>
Cc: OliveOil@egroups. com <OliveOil@egroups.com>
Sent: Wednesday, 10 January 2001 23:18
Subject: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome


>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Alan Watt [mailto:wattmeyer@one.net.au]
> > Sent: Wednesday, 10 January 2001 12:24
> > To: Steve Sibbett
> > Subject: Bark splitting syndrome
> >
> > Steve,
> > Thanks for your ongoing interest and comment on the bark
> > splitting syndrome. It remains a mystery. I have asked colleague
> > Phil Bramley to take some digital photos of the two trees in
> > questions to place on the group's pic. file for your information,
> > the Leslie's of Hunter Valley, and anyone else that may have a
> > similar problem or simply an interest.
> > It seems we have eliminated Boron deficiency, chemical contact
> > [or at least nothing intentionally applied], frost[I get none in
> > the area in question],sunburn
> > [It rarely gets very hot right on the coast] and there certainly
> > has been no fire.
> > Perhaps the application of sheep manure at the tree sites on
> > planting [2 years ago] was a little excessive. They received on
> > average a 1/4 bag of old manure per tree.
> > You will notice from the photos that the short vertical splits
> > develop on a lumpy, varicose vein-like surface of the bark. The
> > Leslie's aptly describe it as being like burst blisters. Maybe
> > Stan Kailis, as specialist in plant sciences, has some ideas.
> > One interesting observation Phil and I made while taking the
> > photographs is that the tree, which appeared long dead, was
> > actually alive [green under the bark surface] below the graft
> > scar. There was no evidence of basal shoots.
> > I did receive your photos of the flowers and will use them next
> > bloom period.
> >
> >
> > Alan Watt, Tanja Olives
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
> **** INDUSTRY LINKS **** http://www.egroups.com/Links/OliveOil
>
> ************************************************** ***
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<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>Some further thoughts and observations on the bark splitting syndrome.
The photos Phil posted certainly show some callousing and pruning scars. The
first resulted from rabbits removing the bark at the base of the tree to the
Cambrian layer; the second a tidy up pruning after kangaroos tackled the
tree in a sparing match. Both injuries occurred about last June and neither
was treated with a wound sealant. These were certainly not the only trees
that suffered injuries from both animals.
Some elimination of likely causes may be possible if the Leslie's of Hunter
Valley recognise the problem [from the photos] as being the same as theirs.
[I will arrange for Phil to sent the photos direct to you, Judith and Alan
,as you appear, like myself, mystified by the method of extracting from the
group files]
I also noticed that the bark splitting was more on the Eastern side but not
exclusively. I concluded that the two trees in question being on the seaward
and Eastern side of a large block of trees may have been more exposed to the
prevailing sea winds. It may give some weight to the sunburn theory if the
low morning rays were able to sneak beneath the general conopy of leaves.
If the Leslie's problem is the same we can eliminate Roundup as the culprit
as they use no herbicides.
In answer to Steve's question about a skin tight wrap around the trunk - no,
not even a 'growbag', hence the rabbit scars. His observation of growing
tissue between the splits is correct, at least on the one alive.
I feel sorry for the Leslie's if they are experiencing an ongoing problem
with this bark splitting as I seem to have had only 2 trees affected. One
dead above the graft the other I previously described as half dead now seems
to be coming good leaving about 3 decidedly dead branches.
If Steve's other suggestion of viral infection is a possibility are the
Leslie's and I
[about 600 Km. apart] the only suffers and is it confined to Oz?

Alan
Watt, Tanja Olives


[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
</pre>
</td></tr></table>

<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing="0"><tr><td>
<pre>We did pick up the picture from the Egroup files section...

We would say that the Tanja bark splitting looks much older than ours...

We have noticed it only in the last month or so...

We don't use herbicides BUT we did use roundup 18 months ago around the
young trees which were inside tree guards and well protected.....we haven't
used any roundup for 18 months...

We also notice that ours is exclusively on the east side ...except that the
easternmost row which is shaded to the east by a row of eucalypts doesn't
have any symptoms.

We have noticed that this bark splitting blistering is spreading through out
the field from the eastern corner to the western corner with the north and
south flanks, genrally less infected.

We are still mystified.

We are getting some pictures done which we will post so you can see what it
looks like.

Best regards

Alan

Alan & Judith Leslie
"Woonona"
339 Inlet Road
Bulga, NSW 2330
Australia
</pre>
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<pre>Thanks Steve ...

I must admit that I haven't been following the "Bark Splitting" story
closely and I didn't go back through all of the notes to check such items as
whether the splitting was occurring on various sides of the trees, or how it
appeared when they first noticed it. Our sunburn symptoms here are the same
as you speak of initially, but in bad cases, after a number of months
growers often see the splitting take place as deeper tissue damage occurs,
tissue dies, loses its moisture and shrinks. This is why I asked whether
anyone knew of ways to stop the tissue damage from moving around the trunk
(or deeper into the wood for that matter).

Alan and Phil may have already ruled out sunburn in earlier emails if the
splitting is regularly seen on other sides of the tree than the north and
west (southern hemisphere).

Cheers,
Julian Archer
Olives Australia

-----Original Message-----
From: Steve Sibbett [mailto:sibbett@lightspeed.net]
Sent: Friday, 12 January 2001 11:01
To: OliveOil@egroups.com
Subject: RE: [OliveOil] RE: Bark splitting syndrome


Julian:

What I've seen of sunburn is that it is usually confined to one side of the
tree trunk or limb (one report suggests this - I'm not sure about others) -
the exposed side (here it is the south and west sides or upper sides).
Further, if more than one tree is effected, the damage is on the same sides
of trunks/limbs on the effected trees. Although I cannot see all sides of
the effected tree in the photo, this doesn't look like the sunburn I have
seen here. On sunburn injured trees here we don't see the deep splits, we
see a flattened, dead area where the thin bark sloughs off and the tissue is
dead underneath - callusing occurs on the margins of the injury. I wonder if
some are experiencing sunburn while others have something else.

I looked at the picture (the one that was sent to me) and noticed a couple
of things; 1) the injury developed about 2" above ground level and extended
upward (It seems to me that sunburn would have occurred at ground level
too - this is the hottest area due to reflection); 2) there were two older
pruning wounds on the damaged trunk; 3) the damage looked like it happened
some time ago (there was considerable callusing below the splits causing the
bulging outward). This begged several questions: 1) was Roundup used when
the trees were quite young and the bark not fully mature (drift onto
immature trunk tissue could result in this symptom)?; 2) was Roundup drifted
up onto fresh pruning wounds on the trunk (this looks like systemic
herbicide type damage that could have resulted from penetration into a fresh
cut - tip die-back could occur as well as the material is systemic)?; 3)
were trunk wraps used (I've seen this type of damage when rubberized wraps
were used and they stayed continually wet from the irrigation system before
they were removed - the bark never really matures and when exposed, has
abnormal growth)?; 4) is the tissue dead on the entire surface (like
sunburn) or just around the splits with some healthy surface tissue in
between (looks like growth is occurring but not immediately under the splits
thus the "bumpy" growth appearance)?; 5) does tissue death extend into the
tree (sunburn) or is there live tissue trying to heal the wounds around the
splits (i.e. is callusing occurring - looks like it to me)?; Has the
problem run its coarse or is it continuing to develop from one year to the
next (It seems like there are different reports)?.

One thing, this doesn't look like Boron deficiency to me although there are
several reports of low/deficient leaf tissue levels. In any event, where
these occur, I'd be applying B.

Steve Sibbett
U.C. Farm Advisor
Phone - office 559.733.6486
Mobil 559.280.0666
FAX 559.734.2708
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<pre>For those that are interested, I have posted 8 pictures of the blistering and
splitting on our olive trees.

Go to FILES.....MEMBERS FOLDERS....BARK SPLITTING SYNDROME and the pics are in
there.

If anyone has seen this before, has it, or knows what it is, we'd appreciate
hearing from you.

Alan & Judith Leslie
"Woonona"
339 Inlet Road
Bulga, NSW 2330
Australia


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<pre>Your pics look similar to rhizoctonia (spelling a bit unsure) or other
similar soil borne diseases that are happy in poorly drained soils, or
perhaps in some infected wood buried below ground. If your ground has
been recently cleared there may still be old roots, stumps, this is
where the pathogens love to hang out.

What happens above ground to a great extent reflects what is happening
below ground. Maybe the roots are being attacked by a disease, or burnt
by acidity, or monstered by some excessive toxin eg sodium or manganese.
Or just suffering from excesive magnesium.

The only way to get a qualified opinion (can"t stress enough the
importance of qualified, not just some blow-in) is to use a , for Oz, a
NATA registered lab to do a) soil test b) leaf test c) soil pathogen test.

Sounds expensive but I like the German saying, something like "I'm so
poor I only can afford the best. Only the rich can experiment"

Roger Farquhar

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<pre>Further to the last, they (there's always the 'they') tell me that after
harvesting by beating with sticks (in Europe) a spray of copper was
applied. This has the effect of cleansing the wounds caused by the
harvest. This method of harvest to some is also a form of pruning.
Similarly with hail or any other injurious event, an application is
needed. Even during winter there is still some sap therefore sterilising
is always important so as to not spread infection from tree to tree, or
to introduce it to the soil for further incubation. So, a protocol of
hygiene is important so as to eliminate a possible source of disease to
your trees. This would include sterilising of cutting equipment, sealing
of all wounds including pruning, removal of prunings from site, no more
doggies running around the trees doing their business - in fact, quarantine.

Roger Farquhar

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<pre>Phil, Thanks we did see your photo all the weight of opinion now seems to be
for hail damage perhaps exacerbated by sun.
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